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Nomadic Pathways in Social Evolution
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Evolution and Development : Conceptual Issues
The intersection of development and evolution has always harbored conceptual issues, but many of these are on display in contemporary evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo).These issues include: (1) the precise constitution of evo-devo, with its focus on both the evolution of development and the developmental basis of evolution, and how it fits within evolutionary theory; (2) the nature of evo-devo model systems that comprise the material of comparative and experimental research; (3) the puzzle of how to understand the widely used notion of 'conserved mechanisms'; (4) the definition of evolutionary novelties and expectations for how to explain them; and (5) the demand of interdisciplinary collaboration that derives from investigating complex phenomena at key moments in the history of life, such as the fin-limb transition.This Element treats these conceptual issues with close attention to both empirical detail and scientific practice to offer new perspectives on evolution and development.This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
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Hox Modules in Evolution and Development
Few, if any, genes have had the same level of impact on the field of evolutionary-developmental biology (evo-devo) as the Hox genes.These genes are renowned for their roles in patterning the body plans and development of the animal kingdom.This is complemented by the distinctive organisation of these genes in the genome, with them frequently being found as clusters in which gene position is linked to when and where the individual genes are expressed, particularly during embryogenesis.This book provides the latest overviews of Hox gene organisation and function for major clades of animals from across the animal kingdom.With the rapidly increasing availability of high-quality whole genome sequences from an ever-expanding range of species, it is becoming increasingly evident that there is great diversity in the organisation of Hox genes.These great strides in genome sequencing are wedded to important developments in our ability to detect expression and disrupt gene function in species that are not traditionally genetically-amenable animals.These technical developments are integrated with wide taxon-sampling in this volume to provide new perspectives on the roles of Hox genes in understanding fundamental issues such as embryo patterning, mechanisms of gene regulation, homology, evolvability, evolutionary novelties, phylogeny, the role of gene and genome duplications in evolution, and ancestral states for major clades of animals. Key features Integrative overviews from major animal groups including, arthropods, vertebrates, echinoderms, mollusks and other spiralians. Perspectives gleaned from the latest genome sequence and gene expression data. Individual chapters written by world-leading experts in Hox genes and evo-devo in each animal group. Related TitlesScholtz, G., ed. Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Crustacea (ISBN 978-9-0580-9637-1)Mattick, J. & P. Amaral. RNA, The Epicenter of Genetic Information (ISBN 978-0-3675-6778-1)Bard, J.Evolution: The Origins and Mechanisms of Diversity (ISBN 978-0-3673-5701-6)
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Multinational Corporate Evolution and Subsidiary Development
This book is one of the first to specifically address the subsidiary development process - a phenomenon by which multinational company subsidiaries enhance their resources and capabilities.It shows how this process is integral to multinational corporate evolution, which is largely driven by changes in subsidiaries and their development.It also illustrates how the recent trend towards greater international dispersal of value-adding activities has impacted on this process and on multinational evolution as a whole.
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What is cosmic evolution, chemical evolution, biological evolution, and cultural evolution?
Cosmic evolution refers to the development and changes in the universe over time, including the formation of galaxies, stars, and planets. Chemical evolution is the process by which elements and compounds have changed and evolved over time, leading to the formation of complex molecules and the conditions necessary for life. Biological evolution is the process by which living organisms have changed and diversified over time through genetic variation, natural selection, and other mechanisms. Cultural evolution refers to the development and changes in human societies, including the growth of technology, language, art, and social structures.
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Does medical and technological progress prevent the evolution of humans?
Medical and technological progress do not prevent the evolution of humans, but they may influence the direction and pace of evolution. While advancements in medicine and technology have allowed humans to overcome many environmental challenges and live longer, they have also introduced new selective pressures that could potentially drive evolutionary changes. Additionally, the ability to manipulate our own genetics through technologies like CRISPR could potentially lead to intentional changes in the human genome. Overall, medical and technological progress may shape the future of human evolution, but they do not necessarily prevent it.
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What triggers evolution?
Evolution is triggered by a combination of factors, including genetic mutations, natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. Genetic mutations create new variations in a population, which can then be acted upon by natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. Genetic drift and gene flow also play a role in shaping the genetic makeup of a population over time. These factors collectively drive the process of evolution by leading to changes in the frequency of genetic traits within a population.
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Is evolution stingy?
Evolution is not inherently stingy, but rather it is driven by the process of natural selection, which favors traits that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction. This can sometimes result in the appearance of stinginess, as resources are allocated to the most advantageous traits. However, evolution also promotes cooperation and mutualism in many species, leading to the development of symbiotic relationships and social behaviors that benefit the group as a whole. Overall, evolution is a complex process that can result in both competitive and cooperative behaviors, depending on the specific ecological and environmental pressures at play.
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Evolution of Learning and Memory Mechanisms
Evolution of Learning and Memory Mechanisms is an exploration of laboratory and field research on the many ways that evolution has influenced learning and memory processes, such as associative learning, social learning, and spatial, working, and episodic memory systems.This volume features research by both outstanding early-career scientists as well as familiar luminaries in the field.Learning and memory in a broad range of animals are explored, including numerous species of invertebrates (insects, worms, sea hares), as well as fish, amphibians, birds, rodents, bears, and human and nonhuman primates.Contributors discuss how the behavioral, cognitive, and neural mechanisms underlying learning and memory have been influenced by evolutionary pressures.They also draw connections between learning and memory and the specific selective factors that shaped their evolution.Evolution of Learning and Memory Mechanisms should be a valuable resource for those working in the areas of experimental and comparative psychology, comparative cognition, brain–behavior evolution, and animal behavior.
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Beyond Growth Hacking : Mastering Business Model Evolution
Digital transformation and the global pandemic have fundamentally changed consumer behavior, market demands, and the way we work.Traditional growth models, often linear and predictably scaled, are increasingly inadequate in addressing the complexities of the modern economy.In an era where rapid technological advancements and market dynamics continuously reshape the business landscape, the need for innovative growth strategies has never been more critical. Beyond Growth Hacking addresses this new reality whilst offering actionable insights into navigating it successfully.Combining the latest in growth hacking with enduring principles of business strategy, ensuring that businesses can achieve sustainable growth, the book is a timely resource designed to equip businesses with the knowledge and tools to adapt, thrive, and sustain growth amidst these challenges.The purpose bridges the gap between traditional business strategies and the agile, innovative approaches necessitated by today's fast-paced environment and the need to include big data management in strategy formulation.Readers start with the basics of modelling a business, providing a foundation for readers to analyse and understand their own organizations.It then delves into the dynamics of business models, emphasizing the importance of validation, scaling, innovation, and the ability to pivot effectively. The Managing Innovation in Business Strategy, Marketing and Finance series contributes to understanding the role of business innovation by focusing on three key functional areas: strategy, marketing, and finance.Books in the series explore large businesses, small businesses, family businesses, and more, giving unique insight into the interplay of innovation on strategy, marketing and finance.
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The Evolution of Moral Progress : A Biocultural Theory
In The Evolution of Moral Progress, Allen Buchanan and Russell Powell resurrect the project of explaining moral progress.They avoid the errors of earlier attempts by drawing on a wide range of disciplines including moral and political philosophy, evolutionary biology, evolutionary psychology, anthropology, history, and sociology.Their focus is on one especially important type of moral progress: gains in inclusivity.They develop a framework to explain progress in inclusivity to also illuminate moral regression--the return to exclusivist and "tribalistic" moral beliefs and attitudes.Buchanan and Powell argue those tribalistic moral responses are not hard-wired by evolution in human nature.Rather, human beings have an evolved "adaptively plastic" capacity for both inclusion and exclusion, depending on environmental conditions.Moral progress in the dimension of inclusivity is possible, but only to the extent that human beings can create environments conducive to extending moral standing to all human beings and even to some animals.Buchanan and Powell take biological evolution seriously, but with a critical eye, while simultaneously recognizing the crucial role of culture in creating environments in which moral progress can occur.The book avoids both biological and cultural determinism.Unlike earlier theories of moral progress, their theory provides a naturalistic account that is grounded in the best empirical work, and unlike earlier theories it does not present moral progress as inevitable or as occurring in definite stages; but rather it recognizes the highly contingent and fragile character of moral improvement.
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The Expanding Circle : Ethics, Evolution, and Moral Progress
What is ethics? Where do moral standards come from? Are they based on emotions, reason, or some innate sense of right and wrong?For many scientists, the key lies entirely in biology - especially in Darwinian theories of evolution and self-preservation.But if evolution is a struggle for survival, why are we still capable of altruism?In his classic study "The Expanding Circle", Peter Singer argues that altruism began as a genetically based drive to protect one's kin and community members but has developed into a consciously chosen ethic with an expanding circle of moral concern.Drawing on philosophy and evolutionary psychology, he demonstrates that human ethics cannot be explained by biology alone.Rather, it is our capacity for reasoning that makes moral progress possible.In a new afterword, Singer takes stock of his argument in light of recent research on the evolution of morality.
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What about evolution?
Evolution is the process by which species of organisms change over time through the process of natural selection, genetic drift, and other mechanisms. It is a fundamental concept in biology and has been supported by a large body of evidence from fields such as genetics, paleontology, and comparative anatomy. Evolution explains the diversity of life on Earth and how species have adapted to their environments over millions of years. It is a well-established scientific theory that has withstood rigorous testing and continues to be a central principle in the study of biology.
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Can evolution stop?
Evolution is a continuous process driven by genetic variation, natural selection, and environmental changes. While it is theoretically possible for evolution to slow down or even temporarily stop in a stable environment with little genetic variation, it is unlikely to completely halt. As long as there are factors such as mutations, genetic recombination, and environmental pressures, evolution will continue to shape and change species over time. Therefore, while it may slow down under certain conditions, it is unlikely for evolution to completely stop.
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Will evolution change?
Evolution is a continuous process driven by genetic variation, natural selection, and environmental changes. As long as these factors continue to operate, evolution will continue to occur. However, the specific direction and pace of evolution may change in response to new environmental pressures, genetic mutations, and other factors. Therefore, while the fundamental process of evolution is unlikely to change, the specific outcomes and patterns of evolution may vary over time.
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What is the difference between synthetic evolution and natural evolution?
Synthetic evolution involves the intentional manipulation of genetic material by humans in a controlled environment, such as in a laboratory setting, to produce desired traits or outcomes. In contrast, natural evolution occurs in nature through the process of natural selection, where organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time. While synthetic evolution is directed and guided by human intervention, natural evolution is driven by environmental pressures and random genetic mutations.
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